The medical term for the loss of blood from inside the nose is Epistaxis, more commonly known as a nosebleed. It is a widely prevalent condition, with approximately 60% of individuals experiencing a nosebleed at least once in their lifetime. However, only 10% of these cases are classified as severe.
Who Is Predisposed to Having Nosebleeds?
Nosebleeds can affect anyone of any age, but it is more common in children between the ages of 2 and 10 and seniors over 65.
Children
Children are more likely to have nosebleeds due to their increased susceptibility to developing colds and coughs. Additionally, there is a risk of foreign objects ending up in their nasal passages, including fingers. The higher propensity for slips and falls also heightens the likelihood of injuries, which can result in nosebleeds. Likewise, regular exposure to dry air may also contribute.
Seniors
People aged 65 and above are at an increased risk of nosebleeds due to underlying conditions such as atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries), infections, hypertension, or blood clotting abnormalities, all of which can contribute to nosebleeds.
Pregnant Women
Pregnancy causes the blood vessels in the body to expand, which puts extra strain on the delicate vessels in the nasal lining. Accordingly, even a minor impact has the potential to rupture these vessels, leading to a nosebleed.
Pre-existing Medical Conditions
The viscosity of blood directly impacts its clotting time. People prescribed blood thinners such as warfarin, aspirin, and apixaban could face an elevated risk of complications. Similarly, individuals managing hypertension may be undergoing treatment that also affects blood viscosity and clotting. Additionally, individuals diagnosed with blood-related conditions are considered at high risk for nosebleeds such as:
Sickle cell anemia
Hemophilia
Intravascular coagulation
Von Willebrand disease
What To Do In Case Of a Nosebleed/Epistaxis?
Here are some steps to take if you experience a nosebleed.
Sitting Straight Up
Maintain an upright sitting position and lean slightly forward. This position will help alleviate pressure on the blood vessels in your sinuses and prevent accidentally swallowing blood.
Nose Blowing
Blowing your nose gently into a tissue or soft cloth will help remove the collected blood and mucus.
Nasal Sprays
Decongestant sprays are available over the counter and temporarily reduce nasal blood flow by acting as vasoconstrictors. This can aid in halting nosebleeds.
Pressure
It is advised to apply pressure to your nostrils for 5 to 10 minutes while breathing through your mouth. Pressure can help stop the nosebleed and allow your blood to clot.
To minimize the risk of reoccurrence, refrain from bending down for a few hours following the initial nosebleed. The objective is to maintain a position where your head is above the level of your heart, allowing gravity to assist in preventing further bleeding.
Seeking Medical Help
If bleeding persists for more than 20 minutes, we advise you to seek medical assistance. If the nosebleed appeared following an injury to the head or face, it is important to seek prompt medical attention, as the issue may be more severe than a simple case of Epistaxis.